Big vs. Small
Stratagems, Tricks and Gambits
Literature

Innovation

 

Ulysses and the Cyclops

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Text length: 3,300 words

Excerpts from The Odyssey, Book IX

by Homer , Translated by Samuel Butler (1835-1902), Date of Origin: 800 BCE

  • Trickery can be an effective tactic for weaker opponents - trickery may be a dominant strategy in a single meeting between two opponents but elicits retribution in future rounds
  • Competitors may exist symbiotically - 'killing' your opponent may be counterproductive, whereas strategic manipulation of the opponent can turn his power to your advantage
  • Keywords:
    Trick, stratagem, trap, pride, curiosity, glory, adventure, cunning, puns, leadership, narrative, revenge


    Summary

    lysses recounts the story of his wanderings on his way home to Ithaca after the conclusion of the Trojan War. Along the way, he and his men encounter the giant Cyclops, Polyphemus - a monstrous one-eyed creature - who imprisons them in his cave. The wily Ulysses, known for his cunning, manages to escape through a series of ploys. After lulling the monster to sleep, Ulysses blinds him and uses a trick of words to keep him from calling for help from the other Cyclopes. The men then escape by hiding under the bellies of the Cyclops' sheep, passing undetected by the blinded giant who touches only the backs of sheep with his hand as they pass out of the cave.

    Ulysses and the Cyclops

     
    irstly, then, I will tell you my name that you too may know it, and one day, if I outlive this time of sorrow, may become my guests though I live so far away from all of you. I am Ulysses son of Laertes, reknowned among mankind for all manner of subtlety, so that my fame ascends to heaven... I will tell you of the many hazardous adventures which by Jove's will I met with on my return from Troy...

    We sailed hence, always in much distress, till we came to the land of the lawless and inhuman Cyclopes [monstrous creatures with a single eye in their foreheads]. Now the Cyclopes neither plant nor plough, but trust in providence, and live on such wheat, barley, and grapes as grow wild without any kind of tillage, and their wild grapes yield them wine as the sun and the rain may grow them. They have no laws nor assemblies of the people, but live in caves on the tops of high mountains each is lord and master in his family, and they take no account of their neighbours...

    When the child of morning, rosy-fingered Dawn, appeared, we admired the island and wandered all over it, while the nymphs Jove's daughters roused the wild goats that we might get some meat for our dinner. On this we fetched our spears and bows and arrows from the ships, and dividing ourselves into three bands began to shoot the goats. Heaven sent us excellent sport I had twelve ships with me, and each ship got nine goats, while my own ship had ten thus through the livelong day to the going down of the sun we ate and drank our fill,- and we had plenty of wine left, for each one of us had taken many jars full when we sacked the city of the Cicons, and this had not yet run out. While we were feasting we kept turning our eyes towards the land of the Cyclopes, which was hard by, and saw the smoke of their stubble fires. We could almost fancy we heard their voices and the bleating of their sheep and goats, but when the sun went down and it came on dark, we camped down upon the beach, and next morning I called a council.

    "'Stay here, my brave fellows,' said I, 'all the rest of you, while I go with my ship and exploit these people myself: I want to see if they are uncivilized savages, or a hospitable and humane race.'


    The Cyclops' lair

     
    went on board, bidding my men to do so also and loose the hawsers so they took their places and smote the grey sea with their oars. When we got to the land, which was not far, there, on the face of a cliff near the sea, we saw a great cave overhung with laurels. It was a station for a great many sheep and goats, and outside there was a large yard, with a high wall round it made of stones built into the ground and of trees both pine and oak. This was the abode of a huge monster who was then away from home shepherding his flocks. He would have nothing to do with other people, but led the life of an outlaw. He was a horrid creature, not like a human being at all, but resembling rather some crag that stands out boldly against the sky on the top of a high mountain...

    We soon reached his cave, but he was out shepherding, so we went inside and took stock of all that we could see. His cheese-racks were loaded with cheeses, and he had more lambs and kids than his pens could hold... When they saw all this, my men begged me to let them first steal some cheeses, and make off with them to the ship they would then return, drive down the lambs and kids, put them on board and sail away with them. It would have been indeed better if we had done so but I would not listen to them, for I wanted to see the owner himself, in the hope that he might give me a present. When, however, we saw him my poor men found him ill to deal with.

    We lit a fire, offered some of the cheeses in sacrifice, ate others of them, and then sat waiting till the Cyclops should come in with his sheep. When he came, he brought in with him a huge load of dry firewood to light the fire for his supper, and this he flung with such a noise on to the floor of his cave that we hid ourselves for fear at the far end of the cavern. Meanwhile he drove all the ewes inside, as well as the she-goats that he was going to milk, leaving the males, both rams and he-goats, outside in the yards. Then he rolled a huge stone to the mouth of the cave- so huge that two and twenty strong four-wheeled waggons would not be enough to draw it from its place against the doorway. When he had so done he sat down and milked his ewes and goats, all in due course, and then let each of them have her own young. He curdled half the milk and set it aside in wicker strainers, but the other half he poured into bowls that he might drink it for his supper. When he had got through with all his work, he lit the fire, and then caught sight of us, whereon he said:

    Strangers, who are you? Where do sail from? Are you traders, or do you sail the as rovers, with your hands against every man, and every man's hand against you?'

    We were frightened out of our senses by his loud voice and monstrous form, but I managed to say, 'We are Achaeans on our way home from Troy, but by the will of Jove, and stress of weather, we have been driven far out of our course. We are the people of Agamemnon, son of Atreus, who has won infinite renown throughout the whole world, by sacking so great a city and killing so many people. We therefore humbly pray you to show us some hospitality, and otherwise make us such presents as visitors may reasonably expect. May your excellency fear the wrath of heaven, for we are your suppliants, and Jove takes all respectable travellers under his protection, for he is the avenger of all suppliants and foreigners in distress.'

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