There is opportunity in adversity in every business. It may seem callous to stress opportunity in the midst of a humanitarian crisis, but leaders have an obligation to look ahead, to anticipate and meet new customer needs, to evolve their strategies and organizations, and in so doing sustain the prosperity of their enterprises.

We should not expect that the resolution of the COVID-19 pandemic will be a return to a 2019 reality. For example, SARS is credited with being one of the accelerators for the adoption of e-commerce in China and the rise of Alibaba. Many organizations are understandably focused on reacting to and coping with the short-term challenges presented by the unfolding epidemic. (See Exhibit 1.) But in addition to reaction, they need to focus on three more important Rs: rebound, recession, and reimagination. Beyond individual companies, there is also an opportunity for society as a whole to reimagine norms, behaviors, and platforms for coordination and collaboration.

A rebound of demand is inevitable, and using high-frequency data proxies for the movement of goods and people, production, and confidence, we can see that it is already beginning to happen in China. (See Exhibit 2.)

Given the complexity of rebooting companies and supply chains at different speeds in different places, the time to begin preparing a rebound strategy is now.

Over the past 100 years, epidemics have only temporarily deflected the economic cycle with short, sharp shocks. Of course, this time could be different. A bear market (technically, a 20% decline) does not guarantee a recession but indicates a high probability of one. The most recent expansionary cycle has been one of the longest in recent economic history, and signs of vulnerability were already showing in trade relations, political instability, corporate debt, and other areas. The shock to demand and confidence could easily tip the global economy into a recession.

Prudent companies will prepare for this possibility. Our analysis shows that 14% of companies across all sectors actually grow top and bottom lines during recessions and downturns. Those that flourish share the common traits of preparation, preemption, growth orientation, and long-term transformation. They take a long-term view and place growth bets when competitors are retrenching.

And even after the epidemic recedes, and even in the case of recession, there will be opportunities and needs to reimagine business and operating models and also the portfolio of offerings. For the average company, the first casualty of a crisis is imagination. But those that shape and benefit from the future will be those that can imagine it.

We can already see hints of the post-crisis future in shifts in consumer behaviors, which are driving diverging patterns of consumption and stock price recovery across different sectors. (See Exhibit 3.)

In China, the stock indices of all sectors dipped sharply in parallel, but after this initial shock, different sectors recovered at different speeds. Some, such as transportation and consumer durables, continue to be depressed; most are already recovering to pre-crisis levels; and others, like software and health care equipment and services, have already exceeded their pre-crisis levels. (See Exhibit 4.)

In anticipating this new post-crisis world and seizing opportunity in adversity, we need to consider several shaping forces: new learnings, new attitudes, new habits, and new needs.

A crisis is like a receding tide — it reveals the rocks beneath the surface that were there all along. While some organizations will likely resume operations after the crisis without looking back, others will be carefully examining lessons learned and regarding them as opportunities to improve their organizational effectiveness. They will find opportunities to improve foresight, agility, and resilience through improvements in market intelligence, risk assessment, scenario planning, crisis management, communications, remote working, workforce redeployment, supply chain resilience, cross-company collaboration, IT infrastructure, and many other areas. And each of these will in turn generate opportunities for the suppliers of software, hardware, and services to enable these enhanced capabilities.

The crisis will also shift consumer attitudes, creating elevated awareness of altered beliefs about personal and environmental hygiene, health, social relations, travel, and crisis preparedness. This is already driving up demand for sanitizers, antibacterial cleaning products, health care advice, health care insurance, disaster preparation products, O2O (online to offline) delivery, and many other categories.

Some new behaviors forced by the crisis will likely stick as new habits after the pandemic has receded. These may include remote working and home shopping, which will drive opportunities for connectivity, distance learning, videoconferencing, home office equipment, e-commerce, delivery services, and the like. Corporations and employees too may see opportunities to reduce travel and physical colocation on an ongoing basis, having been forced to master the art of effective remote collaboration.

And some unmet needs will be revealed, which can become targets for innovation. Already we see Chinese companies, which have had more time to adapt to the crisis, creating new types of health insurance and new types of online to offline business models. We will likely see innovations sprouting in home shopping, collaboration, health information, health and hygiene products and cleaning products, and hygiene benefits being created for all manner of services and products.

How can companies grow into and shape these emerging opportunities? We suggest six key success factors:

1. An “Opportunity in Adversity” Mindset. Macroeconomics is not fate. Economics deals with aggregates and averages, whereas strategy is about creating deviations from these averages. Companies that will flourish during and beyond the crisis believe in and seek out advantage in adversity. And the evidence is that such opportunities exist in every sector.

2. Looking Ahead. While the average company will likely be focused on the crisis itself, some are looking ahead at the inevitable rebound in demand, at the possibility of recession, and at the opportunities to innovate and rethink their business models. They are prepared for different scenarios but are actively shaping their own fate.

3. Picking Up Weak Signals. Many companies, experiencing a shock to demand and chaos in their supply chains, will be mainly preoccupied with managing immediate challenges. Those that look at a more granular level will see that the demand for some categories is increasing, that customers are asking for things that are not currently available, or that companies in their own or other industries are innovating how they do business. In fact, within your own organization, there are likely multiple groups that are departing from standard procedures in order to manage new circumstances. Learning organizations are asking what those innovations are and how they can be codified and amplified. Picking up weak signals means, first and foremost, having access to signals, through access to high frequency (daily), granular data on shifting patterns of beliefs, behaviors, and demand and listening very closely to customers.

4. Deaveraging the Portfolio. Many companies see crises as things to be coped with. More enlightened companies also focus on the longer term and create a strategy—namely, an advantaged end state and a path and plan to reach it. The most enlightened companies do this in a deaveraged fashion, by creating different priorities and strategies for different parts of the business. In particular, they identify and support emerging growth pillars.

5. Moving Fast. One of the main characteristics of this epidemic is that it is developing and changing faster than most organizations can easily track, let alone get ahead of. A daily clock speed is necessary to keep up with events. But this applies not only to crisis management but also to innovation and new business-building activities. The weak signals of demand shifts and new needs are already present and waiting to be read, interpreted, and acted on by agile companies

6. Transforming. The long-term transformation agenda for a company does not go away during a crisis, but attention can easily be drawn away from it. In fact, the long-term agenda likely requires renewal, since the end state may have shifted. Our research suggests that companies that flourish during a crisis are those using it as an opportunity to double down on their long-term transformation plans.

At the level of society, too, we have an opportunity to reimagine travel, health care systems, the role of technology, and the supranational coordinating institutions like the WHO, which play a critical role in crisis management.

Reacting to the immediate issues presented by a crisis is necessary, but it is not sufficient. By also preparing for a potential rebound, understanding how to take advantage in the event of a recession, and reimagining the post-crisis future of businesses and societies, leaders can stay ahead of the crisis as it evolves.

The BCG Henderson Institute is Boston Consulting Group’s strategy think tank, dedicated to exploring and developing valuable new insights from business, technology, and science by embracing the powerful technology of ideas. The Institute engages leaders in provocative discussion and experimentation to expand the boundaries of business theory and practice and to translate innovative ideas from within and beyond business. For more ideas and inspiration from the Institute, please visit our website and follow us on LinkedIn and X (formerly Twitter).