Food Systems and Food Security

The world relies on sustainable agriculture, resilient supply chains, and the availability of healthy food. BCG works with businesses, foundations, and governments to make the world’s food supply flourish—even in the face of climate-related threats.

Close-up of nuts in wicker baskets
The challenges related to food systems and security are complex and urgent. Climate change threatens the food supply—along with the incomes of those who grow crops or raise livestock. At the same time, workers, customers, and shareholders are exerting pressure on companies to reduce their carbon footprint.

BCG understands these complexities and helps our clients address these challenges through a holistic, systems-mapping approach.

How BCG Works with Clients on Food Systems

Large food systems companies manage expansive supply chains that crisscross the globe. And yet many of their challenges are local. Our holistic approach to food systems consulting helps keep these dynamics in balance and includes support in the following areas:

  • Sustainable Agriculture. We help build the coalitions that can make sustainable agriculture a reality. We work across the entire agriculture value chain, from equipment and seed to trade and retail, to serve leading food and agriculture companies well as governments, foundations, NGOs, and coalitions. BCG has also worked with companies and foundations on regenerative agriculture and soil carbon sequestration; sustainable fisheries and aquaculture; and the role of R&D, innovation, and digital in advancing sustainable agriculture.
  • Food Loss and Waste. Every year, 1.6 billion tons of food—worth about $1.2 trillion—are lost or go to waste. That’s one-third of the total amount of food produced globally. The problem is enormous, but there is a clear way forward. BCG has identified five drivers of the problem that, if addressed, could reduce the dollar value of annual food loss and waste by nearly $700 billion. Real headway will require commitment and coordinated action from consumers, governments, NGOs, farmers, and companies.
  • Food Supply Chains. We help agribusiness and food industries improve efficiencies along their  supply chains in ways that are environmentally sustainable and that improve food security. We also help them find ways to optimize the import and export of food products.
  • Food Packaging. Food packaging can do more than just attract and inform buyers. Companies can revise packaging to reduce their global carbon footprint or to incorporate technologies that increase product longevity.

Our Client Work in Food Systems and Security

Digital Agriculture
Digital has the potential to transform agriculture in ways that can improve food security as well as the livelihoods and resiliency of farmers who are feeling the effects of climate change. But digital transformation doesn’t come easily, especially in a such a complex, fragmented space. We worked with the Gates Foundation to take a systems approach to understand what a strong digital agriculture ecosystem looks like, and how best to facilitate the development of both public and private sector digital solutions.
Smallholder Farmers
These small, often single-family-owned farms face particular challenges to thrive or even to subsist. We create custom solutions based on our careful study of each situation. For instance, a thorough review of successful smallholder support systems in China yielded a plan for applying best practices to parts of Africa. We also worked closely with a major foundation to take a systems-change approach to supporting smallholder livestock development and digital farmer services.
Agricultural Trade Policies
Trade policies are key to unlocking food self-sufficiency possibilities, building an agricultural sector, meeting worldwide food demand, and more. In one engagement, we helped an African country and a regional free trade union understand the mutual benefits, negotiation strategies, and legal risks involved in entering a free trade agreement.
Agricultural Markets and Development
The agricultural value chain is subject to many new trends and disruptions. We help clients understand emerging trends and incorporate them into long-term plans. For instance, we helped a ministry of agriculture in Latin America create a development plan for the country’s agriculture frontier region.
Food Systems Transformation Journey
Transforming a country’s food system begins with a thorough analysis of that system. BCG, in collaboration with the Food System Transformative Integrated Policy Initiative, developed a toolkit that offers a step-by-step process guide as well as practical tools that, using a collaborative design approach, help to identify the key challenges and opportunities in a country’s food system.
Stunting
Stunting, one of the effects of malnutrition, has long-term impacts on brain development and cognitive function. BCG’s food security consultants partnered with the World Food Programme (WFP) in Tanzania to address chronic hunger and the stunting it causes. This work illustrates how our approach called Smart Simplicity can be used by any organization to address complex problems, such as food security and malnutrition, using current resources and funding.
Nutrition
Encouraging better nutrition begins with understanding where the problems are. In our work with the Atlanta Community Food Bank, we mapped supply and demand of nutrition assistance. In other projects, we have developed training and communication tools and strategies for improving the production of, and access to, nutritious foods.

Our Partnerships in Food Systems and Security

BCG’s Partnership with the World Food Programme

For more than a decade, BCG has supported WFP to enhance its effectiveness on a wide range of strategic, operational, and organizational issues.

BCG’s Partnership with One Planet Business for Biodiversity (OP2B)

BCG is the knowledge partner of OP2B, a business coalition dedicated to driving transformational change to protect and restore biodiversity, with a specific focus on regenerative agricultural practices.

COP28 Action Agenda on Regenerative Landscapes

With global food systems facing significant sustainability challenges, we need a change in global agricultural practices. That’s why BCG—together with the COP28 Presidency, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, and the UN Climate Change High-Level Champions—is chairing a flagship initiative to accelerate the transition to regenerative agriculture. Discover the critical role soil health plays in capturing carbon, maintaining biodiversity, retaining water, and supporting local economies, and learn about the barriers and benefits farmers are experiencing in changing their practices—as well as the role the private and public sector can play in supporting this initiative.

Our Insights on Food Systems and Security

Our Experts in Food Systems and Security

Managing Director & Senior Partner; Head of Social Impact Practice for EMESA; Member of BCG's Executive Committee

Patrick Dupoux

Managing Director & Senior Partner; Head of Social Impact Practice for EMESA; Member of BCG's Executive Committee
Paris

Managing Director & Senior Partner

Shalini Unnikrishnan

Managing Director & Senior Partner
Boston

Managing Director & Partner

Francesco Bellino

Managing Director & Partner
Paris

Managing Director & Partner

Sonya Hoo

Managing Director & Partner
Washington, DC

Managing Director & Partner

Younès Zrikem

Managing Director & Partner
Casablanca

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