This summary article showcases ideas from a recent episode of BCG’s Imagine This . . . podcast. Alongside Antoine Gourévitch, a managing director and senior partner leading BCG’s global efforts in deep tech, we explore a future  where quantum computing emerges as a reality.

BCG’s AI agent Scribe generated this summary—with oversight and editing provided by humans.

Imagine this: it is 2035, and humanity stands at a critical juncture shaped by quantum computing—a technology with the power to drive breakthroughs across industries, from pharmaceuticals to energy. Yet it also raises profound security and ethical concerns.

The Early Days of Quantum Computing

Quantum computing emerged as a field in the 1980s, sparked by physicist Richard Feynman’s idea that quantum mechanics could solve natural problems in ways classical computing cannot. Another breakthrough came when mathematician Peter Shor demonstrated that quantum algorithms could break traditional cryptographic systems.

By using qubits, quantum computers can process complex problems far faster than today’s machines. This unique capability has made quantum supremacy—a point where quantum computers outperform classical computers in critical tasks—a critical goal.

Quantum computing has evolved rapidly, but challenges remain. Error correction—or handling the “bugs” that make calculations unreliable—is still developing. As quantum technology advances, it is expected to start to have real impact in commercial enterprises in the next decade.

Unique Capabilities and Industry Applications

Quantum computing can solve “intractable problems”—complex issues that classical computers struggle to address—unlocking new solutions in several key industries.

In traditional computing, approximations often create a margin of error of 5–20%. Quantum technology, by contrast, will enable exact molecular simulations, allowing scientists to model drug interactions at the smallest scale, which classical computers cannot achieve.

• Precision in Drug Discovery: Quantum computing’s potential capacity to eliminate calculation errors will enable extremely precise simulations, promising accelerated advancements in drug discovery. This capability could fast-track new treatments for complex diseases.
• Optimization in Materials Science: Quantum computing enables efficient simulations at both the atomic and the subatomic levels, making it ideal for designing new materials and semiconductors. Industries like electronics and automotive could use quantum technology to create more efficient and environmentally friendly products. For example, designing a semiconductor requires simulations that current computers cannot manage with complete accuracy. Quantum computers will allow companies to optimize product design precisely, helping to create stronger, lighter materials that reduce costs and environmental impact.
• Environmental Impact: Quantum computers will consume significantly less energy than traditional data centers, lowering carbon emissions and supporting sustainability efforts.
  
  • Quantum technology could help optimize logistics and manufacturing processes to reduce waste and resource use.
  • By using quantum algorithms to streamline supply chains, companies can cut energy and material waste, supporting both operational efficiency and environmental goals. This technology could reshape sectors dependent on heavy data processing, minimizing their ecological footprint.

Global Race and Power Dynamics

The competitive implications of quantum computing could reshape global power structures, as both governments and corporations race to dominate this revolutionary technology.

Quantum-enabled data security could emerge as a central advantage. Countries with advanced quantum technology could gain significant strategic power over those without.

• National and Corporate Competition: Quantum cryptography has become a top priority for governments, as it offers unparalleled data protection. Governments are working to develop quantum-resistant encryption to guard against the technology’s power to decrypt existing security systems.
• Economic and Geopolitical Shifts: In the future, access to quantum computing could shape monopolies similar to the cloud-computing dominance of today’s largest tech companies. Early access to quantum technology may redefine economic power and introduce new divides among countries and corporations.

Key Challenges

Quantum computing’s transformative potential brings with it risks that could affect security, equity, and job markets worldwide.

• Data Privacy and Security Risks: Quantum computers can break current encryption standards, potentially compromising global data security. Banks, government agencies, and enterprises worldwide are racing to develop quantum-resistant encryption to protect sensitive information. The ability of quantum computers to decrypt data creates an urgent need for secure cryptographic solutions. The financial sector and public institutions are already investing heavily to ensure that data remains safe in a post-quantum world.
• Workforce Readiness: Quantum computing requires specialized expertise, particularly in physics, quantum mechanics, and new algorithmic approaches, making talent development critical. Companies may face talent shortages as they attempt to staff quantum projects and manage these unique demands for workforce training in new areas.

Opportunities for Climate and Industry

Quantum computing could support climate goals and sustainability by enabling green innovations across industries.

• Green Technologies: Quantum computing can help researchers develop eco-friendly catalysts, emulating natural processes to reduce CO₂ emissions in chemical production. Quantum-enabled designs could reduce environmental impact while advancing industrial efficiency. For example, quantum technology could improve catalyst design for industrial processes like fertilizer production, minimizing emissions and allowing companies to use natural materials more sustainably.
• Waste Reduction in Manufacturing and Transport: Quantum computing’s precision can streamline logistics, manufacturing, and supply chains, reducing waste and excess energy use. Improved simulations allow companies to minimize material use and fuel consumption, lowering their carbon footprint.

Actions for CEOs: Preparing for Quantum’s Disruption

To stay competitive and harness quantum’s potential, CEOs should prepare their organizations for this disruptive technology with key strategic actions.

• Invest in Quantum Talent: Quantum talent is scarce, so companies that invest early in building a knowledgeable workforce will gain a significant advantage. This expertise will be critical as quantum computing’s role in business operations grows.
• Stay Informed and Adaptive: As quantum technology evolves, CEOs should keep their organizations flexible and informed about new developments. Designating teams to monitor quantum advances will help companies stay agile and prepared to adjust strategies.

Antoine Gourévitch is a member of BCG X, Boston Consulting Group’s tech build and design unit.

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